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Even worse, if a threat actor signs in and is prompted for MFA, they can register their own MFA details.
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However, if the user is enabled for MFA, but never completes the registration process, they are left unprotected.
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MFA registration: The most effective way to protect against a password spray leading to a successful authentication is by using MFA. 20-character small sentences may be easy for users to remember and are more secure than a complex 8-character password!
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Attackers can crack a password with these elements in a matter of hours.
Having a password policy of eight characters with an uppercase, lowercase, number, and symbol, is no longer secure with today’s graphics processing unit (GPU) capabilities. If a password must be used, ensure that the password policy does not allow key phrases related to the organization or commonly used passwords. Passwordless authentication methods such as the Microsoft Authenticator App, Windows Hello for Business, and Fast Identity Online (FIDO) keys help improve both the user experience and security level of an authentication event. Rethinking the password policy: The future is a world without passwords because it is too common that people reuse them between applications or create easily discoverable passwords. MFA and legacy authentication: You have probably heard this recommendation before: disabling legacy authentication and enabling MFA for all users is a critical step in securing your identity infrastructure and should be a priority if it has not already been done. The Microsoft password spray investigations playbook contains in-depth guidance around investigating password spray attacks and offers information about Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), Microsoft’s solution for single sign-on (SSO), and web-based authentication. There is also the possibility that we can use our threat intelligence to identify some potential next steps our adversary may have taken and the overall scope of compromise. “What indicators do we have?” Information such as the time the spray was conducted, targeted user agent and endpoint, IP addresses, and other identifying information can help us understand if this was carried out by an opportunistic attacker or determined human adversary. A compromised tenant is a very different situation from a compromised user and has the potential to be much more damaging, so this is an important distinction for us to make. “Were administrative accounts compromised?” If administrative control over a tenant is lost, the situation changes. This knowledge helps us with remediation and preventing attackers from entering the environment again in the future. We call this “scoping” the incident-in other words, understanding what machines and resources the attackers accessed, and determining the number of compromised users. This helps us adapt an action plan based on the permissions and access rights that a particular user has.
For example, if the list of users affected is particularly targeted (maybe just in one department or all the staff members of a particular project), we can assume our threat actor knows what they are looking for and has done their research. “Which users are affected?” Enumerating the users that were victims of the password spray attack can change the direction of our investigation.
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If it was determined to be successful, the investigator can continue down the list to gain additional information to understand how to proceed. “Was the password spray successful?” This is perhaps the most important question to ask because it determines whether there is potential unauthorized access present in the environment.
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